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روش های کاملا دوستانه با محیط زیست و به صرفه از نظر اقتصادی برای کشت تجاری قارچ صدفی
An environmentally friendly and cost effective technique for the commercial cultivation of oyster mushroom [Pleurotus florida (Mont.) Singer]
Keywords:
- agricultural pollution;
- environmentally friendly cultivation;
- mushroom;
- reusable plastic;
- waste disposal
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The existing protocol for the cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida) in polyethylene bags leads to environmental pollution amounting to 18 g of polyethylene per 450 g of mushroom, which is the average biological efficiency achieved from a bag. Thus the projected annual global pollution amounts to 2 million tones, corresponding to the production of 48 million tones. Experiments were conducted at Kerala Agricultural University, India, to formulate an oyster mushroom cultivation strategy that reduces this pollution level.
RESULTS: Pooled results of experiments at the institute's and farmers' units have shown that reusable plastic buckets having perforations of 1.5 cm × 1.0 cm throughout the side walls could be used to substitute polyethylene bags, while following the standard cultivation protocols. Cultivation in perforated buckets has recorded a biological efficiency of 435.69 ± 56.75 g in 47.07 ± 5.22 days against 459.11 ± 53.52 g in 38.05 ± 4.54 days in polyethylene bags. The rate of contamination in buckets was significantly lower than that in bags: 9.28 ± 2.12 and 12.60 ± 3.73% respectively.
CONCLUSION: Reusable plastic buckets with perforations on the side walls could be used to substitute the conventional polyethylene bags in oyster mushroom cultivation, with no significant difference in yield. Losses due to slight increase in crop duration in buckets will be compensated with a lower rate of contamination. For a unit having a daily output of 100 kg, it was estimated that during 10 years of permanent cultivation following this technique, the cost of cultivation could be reduced to one-tenth and the environmental pollution reduced by at least 730 000 non-degradable polyethylene bags. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
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روش های کاملا دوستانه با محیط زیست و به صرفه از نظ
ن : دکتر ولی اله مهدیزاده
ت : دوشنبه بیست و یکم فروردین ۱۳۹۱
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یک پروتئین جدا شده از قارچ شاه صدف با خاصیت حذف هورمون استروئیدی طبیعی، استرول: جداسازی، خالص سازی، توصیف و شناسیایی تحت عنوان لاکیز
A protein from Pleurotus eryngii var. touliensis with strong removal activity against the natural steroid hormone, estriol: purification, characterization, and identification as a laccase
A protein with strong removal activity against the natural estrogen estriol was purified from a culture supernatant of Pleurotus eryngii var. touliensis. The protein was characterized as a laccase and had a molecular mass of 60 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was most active at pH 7.0 and 50 °C. The partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme showed homology with laccases from mushrooms, such as Pleurotus ostreatus, Coriolus versicolor, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, and P. eryngii. A recombinant yeast assay confirmed that laccase treatment was very efficient for removing the estrogenic activity of steroid estrogens. Our results suggest that the enzyme may be applicable as a potential factor for removing natural steroid hormones.
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مقالات آموزشی قارچ
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مقاله 2012,
یک پروتئین جدا شده از قارچ شاه صدف با خاصیت حذف هو,
استرول,
جداسازی
ن : دکتر ولی اله مهدیزاده
ت : یکشنبه بیستم فروردین ۱۳۹۱
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مقاله ۲۰۱۳: تاثر مکمل های غذایی از جنس قارچ دکمه ای،قارچ دکمه ای قهوه ای و شیتاکه روی موش
White button, portabella, and shiitake mushroom supplementation up-regulates interleukin-23 secretion in acute dextran sodium sulfate colitis C57BL/6 mice and murine macrophage J.744.1 cell line
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a Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University (OSU), Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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b Department of Physiological Sciences & Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences (CVHS), OSU, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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c Department of Comparative Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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d The Research Institute for Children’s Hospital, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Department of Pediatrics, 200 Henry Clay, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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مقالات آموزشی قارچ
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مقاله ۲۰۱۳,
تاثر مکمل های غذایی از جنس قارچ دکمه ای,
قارچ دکمه ای قهوه ای و شیتاکه روی موش
ن : دکتر ولی اله مهدیزاده
ت : یکشنبه بیستم فروردین ۱۳۹۱
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رنگ های غذایی به وسیله pleurotus ostreatus تجزیه می شود
Food Dyes Decolourized by pleurotus ostreatus
اثرات ضد سرطان خون و تقویت کننده سیستم ایمنی بدن توسط متابولیت های قارچ صدفی
Anti-leukemic and immunomodulatory effects of fungal metabolites of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Pleurotus ostreatus on benzene-induced leukemia in Wister rats
سم زدایی زایعات آبی کارخانجات زیتون توسط قارچ های گنودرما و صدفی
Biodegradation and detoxification of olive mill wastewater by selected strains of the mushroom genera Ganoderma and Pleurotus
افزایش ارزش غذایی علوفه ذرت با استفاده از قارچ صدفی و ساکارومایسز در تخمیر فاز جامد
Nutritional value upgrading of maize stalk by using Pleurotus ostreatus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in solid state fermentation
متن کامل روی عناوین فارسی کلیک نمایید
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مقالات آموزشی قارچ
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اثرات ضد سرطان خون و تقویت کننده سیستم ایمنی بدن ت
ن : دکتر ولی اله مهدیزاده
ت : شنبه نوزدهم فروردین ۱۳۹۱
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مقاله پاتنت ۲۰۱۲: روش برداشت قارچ های تجاری
METHOD IN COMMERCIAL MUSHROOM HARVESTING
A method for mushroom cultivation is developed which requires no manual picking and a limited packaging step. The invention also induces lesser chances of contamination and provides longer shelf life to the mushrooms. The device used for production of mushrooms comprises two parts, one basal plate perforated with holes for the mushroom pins to emerge into the container. The apertures/holes on the base of the container may be covered with casing material. The other portion is the top part functioning as a cover which could be used to secure the container in order to prevent contamination from out side, maintain the moisture level and also maintains the micro environment for growing mushrooms. The top cover is preferably also perforated for the escape of excessive moisture. When mushrooms are ready to pick, the whole container is removed and preserved at a lower temperature, such as 4° C. in a cooler or refrigerator. This method will significantly reduce the cost of mushroom production by virtually eliminating the process of harvesting and packaging. This technique of mushroom cultivation also enhances the shelf life by minimizing the level of contamination due to direct human touch and minimum exposure to the outer environment.
توصیف یک فاژ جدید که توانایی از بین بردن باکتری Pseudomonas tolaasii عامل بیماری لکه قهوه ای قارچ خوراکی
Characterization of bacteriophage ϕPto-bp6g, a novel phage that lyses Pseudomonas tolaasii causing brown blotch disease in mushrooms
The bacteriophage, ϕPto-bp6g, exhibited strong bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas tolaasii, the bacterium that causes brown blotch disease in cultivated mushrooms. Analysis of phage morphology with an electron microscope revealed that ϕPto-bp6g contains an icosahedral head and a long tail, which is classified as the family of Siphoviridae. The phage was observed to lyse P. tolaasii in the broth about 4 h after inoculation, indicating a putative lytic pathway exists during bacterial growth. The whole genome of ϕPto-bp6g was completely sequenced, with a length of 26,499 bp and a G + C content of 42.7%. A total of 77 open reading frames (ORFs) as putative coding sequences were identified and annotated, whereas 43 ORFs possessed no homologs. Proteins of several ORFs showed similarity with proteins of a diverse group of phages, including Siphoviridae (5 ORFs), Myoviridae (11 ORFs), and Podoviridae (4 ORFs). Phage proteins were grouped into three categories based on their predicted functions: (i) DNA replication and nucleotide metabolism, (ii) phage particle formation, and (iii) host interaction. Since there is no identified gene encoding integrase and toxins in phage genome, phage ϕPto-bp6g could be potentially applicable as a safe biological control reagent against brown blotch disease in mushroom cultivation.
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مقالات آموزشی قارچ
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مقاله پاتنت ۲۰۱۲,
روش برداشت قارچ های تجاری بیماری لکه قهوه ای قارچ
ن : دکتر ولی اله مهدیزاده
ت : جمعه هجدهم فروردین ۱۳۹۱
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