مقاله ۲۰۱۸: بیماری کپک سبز قارچ گانودرما

First Report of Trichoderma longibrachiatum Causing Green Mold Disease on Ganoderma lingzhi

Ganoderma lingzhi is a valuable herbal medicine in Asia. It is mostly cultivated in China, Japan, and South Korea. It is mainly used for prevention and treatment of nephritis, hypertension, and bronchitis, and it has antitumor properties (Nie et al. 2013; Paterson 2006; Wu et al. 2011). In 2015, the planting area of G. lingzhi was 100 million square meters in China (Jin et al. 2016). In the spring of 2015, rot disease symptoms were observed on the fruiting bodies of G. lingzhi with incidence of over 40% at the farm of Fushun city, Liaoning province, China. The main symptoms were spider-reticulated white mycelium under the G. lingzhi cap and green rot on the stipe. The disease was most severe during the sporulation of G. lingzhi. To isolate the disease-causing organism, fruiting bodies from the farm were surface sterilized in 75% ethanol for 30 s, washed three times with sterile distilled water, and cultured on potato dextrose agar. The Petri dish was covered by the purified mycelium, which was white arachnoid in 3 days. After 7 days, the gray-green conidia clustered into a gray-green heap, forming a pustular structure. Conidiophores unsymmetrical, Trichoderma-like, composing a conspicuous main axis with short side branches or phialides, branches unpaired. Phialides most solitary, 2.4 to 5.0 × 9.5 to 16 μm, 1.2 to 3.1 μm wide at the base. Conidia gray-green, smooth, elliptical, 2.8 to 5.0 × 2.0 to 2.5 μm. The morphological characteristics of isolate fungus were consistent with Trichoderma longibrachiatum (Wu et al. 2008). The rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and TEF1-α gene region were amplified (Carbone et al. 1999) and sequenced using ITS1/ITS4 and EF1-595F/EF1-1160R primers. As the BLAST analysis revealed, the amplified products (GenBank accession nos. MG894396 and MH348179, respectively) were found to be 100% identical with T. longibrachiatum. In the pathogenicity test, the inner surface of the G. lingzhi grown for 7 days was wiped with sterilized cotton soaked with the spores (1 × 106 conidia/ml) of the isolated strain. Sterile distilled water was applied as a negative control treatment. All treatments were carried out at 25°C and 85 to 90% humidity in the greenhouse. After 10 days, the white mycelium mantled the inner surface of fruiting bodies of G. lingzhi, forming gray-green colonies that caused green rot on the stipe. No symptoms were observed on the control, inoculated with sterile distilled water. The pathogen was reisolated from diseased issues as the method previously described, but not from controls. Based on morphological identification, molecular identification, and the pathogenicity assay, the pathogen was identified as T. longibrachiatum. T. longibrachiatum was reported to cause mold diseases in oyster mushroom (Choi et al. 2003). To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. longibrachiatum causing green rot disease on G. lingzhi. In view of the considerable impact of T. longibrachiatum on G. lingzhi, appropriate measures should be applied to prevent and control this disease.

مقاله ۲۰۲۰: کمپوست مصرف شده قارچ گانودرما برای جذب عناصر سنگین آب

Spent Ganoderma lucidum substrate derived biochar as a new bio-adsorbent for Pb2+/Cd2+ removal in water

Highlights

Spent Ganoderma lucidum substrate derived biochars (SLBCS) were effective for removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in water.

•Pyrolytic temperatures dramatically impacted the physicochemical properties of SLBCS.

•SLBC made at 650 °C (SL650) had a high sorption capacity for Pb2+ and Cd2+.

•Precipitation with carbonates minerals mechanisms dominated Pb2+ sorption on SL650.

•Cd2+ sorption mechanisms on SL650 primarily involved the precipitation and coordination with π electrons.

Abstract

The present study firstly reports spent Ganoderma lucidum substrate derived biochars (SLBCS) for the effective removal of Pb2+/Cd2+ from water. The effects of pyrolysis temperature on the SLBCS characteristics and Pb2+/Cd2+ adsorption mechanism was studied systematically. The surface physicochemical properties of SLBCS were significantly affected by the pyrolysis temperature. The increase in pyrolysis temperature from 250 to 650 °C resulted in a drastic increase in the biochar surface area and the well development of mesoporous structure, which could provide more effective adsorption sites for Pb2+ and Cd2+ onto SLBCS. According to the Langmuir model, the obtained maximum adsorption capacity of Pb2+ onto SL650 reached 262.76 mg g−1, while that of Cd2+ reached 75.82 mg g−1. The adsorption capacities of SL650 for Pb2+ and Cd2+ were even higher than that of other modified biochars. The high adsorption capacity of SL650 for Pb2+, attributed to the precipitation supported by high temperature, benefitted the formation of carbonate minerals. Two possible mechanisms involved in Cd2+ sorption: carbonate precipitation and coordination with π electrons. Desorption of SL650 showed high efficiency for Pb2+, but slightly low efficiency for Cd2+. These results indicate that SL650 can be applied for removing heavy metals, especially Pb2+, from polluted water.

مقاله ۲۰۲۰: مطالعه مرحله قهوه ای شدن کمپوست قارچ شیتاکه

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614620300027

کشت گانودرما

وبسایت زیر مراحل کشت گانودرما به صورت تصویری و فیلم کشت گانودرما آورده شده است. شامل تهیه بستر و رطوبت ۶۰ درصد و استریل کردن.

https://www.iihr.res.in/cultivation-technology-reishi-mushroom

 
خرید گانودرما

کانال تلگرام

(تجربیات مصرف کنندگان قارچ های دارویی)

https://telegram.me/DrMahdizadehProducts

صفحه  اینستاگرام

(تجربیات مصرف کنندگان قارچ های دارویی)

https://www.instagram.com/drmahdizadeh/

 جهت کسب اطلاعات بیشتر، مشاوره مصرف، راهنمای مصرف و ثبت سفارش به صورت تلگرامی (بدون ثبت سفارش در وبسایت) به شماره  09120700851 (کارمند یک ) در تلگرام یا واتساپ (ترجیحا تلگرام) پیام دهید. ضمنا این شماره قادر به پاسخگویی تلفنی نیست و تنها پیامک های شما در تلگرام را پاسخ خواهد داد.

تماس تلفنی فقط در شرایط اضطرار (هر ساعت) و یا جهت مشاوره مصرف (ساعت ۸ تا ۱۱ شب): 09128431824 دکتر مهدیزاده

Comparison of main chemical constituents in Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies collected from three producing regions.

مقایسه ترکیبات شیمیایی در  اندام بارده Ganoderma lucidum از سه منطقه

کشت گانودرما

https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20193324113

کانال تلگرام

(تجربیات مصرف کنندگان قارچ های دارویی)

https://telegram.me/DrMahdizadehProducts

صفحه  اینستاگرام

(تجربیات مصرف کنندگان قارچ های دارویی)

https://www.instagram.com/drmahdizadeh/

 جهت کسب اطلاعات بیشتر، مشاوره مصرف، راهنمای مصرف و ثبت سفارش به صورت تلگرامی (بدون ثبت سفارش در وبسایت) به شماره  09120700851 (کارمند یک ) در تلگرام یا واتساپ (ترجیحا تلگرام) پیام دهید. ضمنا این شماره قادر به پاسخگویی تلفنی نیست و تنها پیامک های شما در تلگرام را پاسخ خواهد داد.

تماس تلفنی فقط در شرایط اضطرار (هر ساعت) و یا جهت مشاوره مصرف (ساعت ۸ تا ۱۱ شب): 09128431824 دکتر مهدیزاده

مقاله انگلیسی= جلوگیری از هپاتیتB به وسیله گانودرمیک اسید موجود در قارچ گانودرما

https://shahregharch.com/%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%87%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%AAb-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%86-%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1/  

How to Use Ganoderma for Arthritis👇
Ganoderma lucidum, also known as reishi or ling zhi, is a leathery mushroom that's been popular in Asian medicine for thousands of years. According to a December 2009 study in Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ganoderma has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating properties, making it useful for treating chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involve inflammation of the joints, often accompanied by swelling and pain. RA is also an autoimmune disease that can cause inflammation in other parts of the body, leading to permanent damage. Ganoderma may reduce the pain and inflammation and, in the case of RA, modify the autoimmune reaction.

Make a Decoction👇
Chop ½ ounce of the dried mushroom into tiny pieces, or measure ½ ounce of the powdered herb.
Place the ganoderma in a pot with a cover.
Pour three cups of cold water over the herb.
Bring the mixture to a boil slowly.
Lower the heat after the mixture boils, cover and let simmer for 45 minutes.
Remove from the heat and let the decoction cool to drinking temperature.
Strain the mixture through a paper coffee filter or a metal strainer.
Drink one cup of this tea three times a day. Store the remainder in a covered glass jar in the refrigerator.

لینک ترجمه گوگل
https://translate.google.com/m/translate#view=home&op=translate&sl=auto&tl=fa&text=%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%87%20%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%81%20%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%20%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%20%D9%85%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%F0%9F%91%87%0AHow%20to%20Use%20Ganoderma%20for%20Arthritis%F0%9F%91%87%0AGanoderma%20lucidum%2C%20also%20known%20as%20reishi%20or%20ling%20zhi%2C%20is%20a%20leathery%20mushroom%20that's%20been%20popular%20in%20Asian%20medicine%20for%20thousands%20of%20years.%20According%20to%20a%20December%202009%20study%20in%20Current%20Pharmaceutical%20Biotechnology%2C%20Ganoderma%20has%20anti-inflammatory%20and%20immunomodulating%20properties%2C%20making%20it%20useful%20for%20treating%20chronic%20inflammatory%20and%20autoimmune%20disorders.%20Osteoarthritis%20and%20rheumatoid%20arthritis%20(RA)%20involve%20inflammation%20of%20the%20joints%2C%20often%20accompanied%20by%20swelling%20and%20pain.%20RA%20is%20also%20an%20autoimmune%20disease%20that%20can%20cause%20inflammation%20in%20other%20parts%20of%20the%20body%2C%20leading%20to%20permanent%20damage.%20Ganoderma%20may%20reduce%20the%20pain%20and%20inflammation%20and%2C%20in%20the%20case%20of%20RA%2C%20modify%20the%20autoimmune%20reaction.%0A%0AMake%20a%20Decoction%F0%9F%91%87%0AChop%20%C2%BD%20ounce%20of%20the%20dried%20mushroom%20into%20tiny%20pieces%2C%20or%20measure%20%C2%BD%20ounce%20of%20the%20powdered%20herb.%0APlace%20the%20ganoderma%20in%20a%20pot%20with%20a%20cover.%0APour%20three%20cups%20of%20cold%20water%20over%20the%20herb.%20%0ABring%20the%20mixture%20to%20a%20boil%20slowly.%0ALower%20the%20heat%20after%20the%20mixture%20boils%2C%20cover%20and%20let%20simmer%20for%2045%20minutes.%0ARemove%20from%20the%20heat%20and%20let%20the%20decoction%20cool%20to%20drinking%20temperature.%0AStrain%20the%20mixture%20through%20a%20paper%20coffee%20filter%20or%20a%20metal%20strainer.%0ADrink%20one%20cup%20of%20this%20tea%20three%20times%20a%20day.%20Store%20the%20remainder%20in%20a%20covered%20glass%20jar%20in%20the%20refrigerator.

  http://www.iranzaminmushroom.ir/post/1471

سوال و جواب هایی در ارتباط با قارچ ریشی یا گانودرما

1. What is reishi?
   Reishi is a type of mushroom that grows on live trees. Scientists may call it either Ganoderma lucidum or Ganoderma sinense. In traditional Chinese medicine, this group of mushrooms is known as Ling Zhi. In Japan, they are known as Reishi. In China, G. lucidum is known as Chizhi and G. sinense is known as Zizhi.
   There are many other types of Ganoderma mushrooms and it is hard to tell the medicinal mushrooms from the other types.
   Reishi has been used as medicine for a very long time in East Asia. It was thought to prolong life, prevent aging, and increase energy. In China, it is being used to strengthen the immune system of cancer patients who receive chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
2. How is reishi given or taken?
   Reishi is usually dried and taken as an extract in the form of a liquid, capsule, or powder.
3. Have any laboratory or animal studies been conducted using reishi?
   In laboratory studies, tumor cells are used to test a new substance and find out if it is likely to have any anticancer effects. In animal studies, tests are done to see if a drug, procedure, or treatment is safe and effective in animals. Laboratory and animal studies are done before a substance is tested in people.
   Laboratory and animal studies have tested the effects of the active ingredients in reishi mushrooms, triterpenoids and polysaccharides, on tumors, including lung cancer. See the Laboratory/Animal/Preclinical Studies section of the health professional version of Medicinal Mushrooms for information on laboratory and animal studies done using reishi.
4. Have any studies of reishi mushrooms been done in people?
   Studies using products made from reishi have been done in China and Japan.
   Lung cancer
   Studies suggest that the use of products made from reishi as adjuvant therapy may help strengthen the immune system in patients with lung cancer.
   Studies in patients with lung cancer include the following:

   • In an open-label trial done in China, 36 patients with advanced lung cancer were given an over-the-counter product made from reishi called Ganopoly. The patients were being treated with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, along with other complementary therapies. Some patients had marked changes in the immune responses being studied, such as lymphocyte count and natural killer cell activity, and some patients had no change in immune response. A similar study of Ganopoly in 47 patients with colorectal cancer showed the same results.
   • In China, a study was done with 12 lung cancer patients. Their blood was tested to see if taking a product made from reishi could help improve immune response. The study found that the polysaccharides in reishi mushrooms may help cancer-fighting immune cells, called lymphocytes, stay active.
   Colorectal cancer
   The following study looked at reishi for the prevention of colorectal cancer:

   • In Japan, 225 patients with benign colorectal tumors were studied. For 12 months, 123 of the patients were given an extract of the mushroom G. lucidum mycelia (MAK), while 102 patients did not receive treatment with MAK. At 12 months, a follow-up colonoscopy was done on all the patients. The number and the size of the tumors decreased in the group that received MAK, but not in the group that did not receive MAK. The researchers suggest that MAK may help stop benign colorectal tumors from forming.

 http://www.iranzaminmushroom.ir/post/1471

سوال و جواب هایی در ارتباط با قارچ دم بوقلمون

1. What is turkey tail?
   Turkey tail is a type of mushroom that grows on dead logs worldwide. It's named turkey tail because its rings of brown and tan look like the tail feathers of a turkey. Its scientific name is Trametes versicolor or Coriolus versicolor. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is known as Yun Zhi. In Japan, it is known as kawaratake (roof tile fungus). There are many other types of Trametes mushrooms. It can be hard to tell the difference between turkey tail and other types of Trametes mushrooms without the use of special testing.
   Turkey tail has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat lung diseases for many years. In Japan, turkey tail has been used to strengthen the immune system when given with standard cancer treatment.
2. What is PSK?
   Polysaccharide K (PSK) is the best known active compound in turkey tail mushrooms. In Japan, PSK is an approved mushroom product used to treat cancer.
3. How is PSK given or taken?
   PSK can be taken as a tea or in capsule form.
4. Have any laboratory or animal studies been done using PSK?
   In laboratory studies, tumor cells are used to test a substance to find out if it is likely to have any anticancer effects. In animal studies, tests are done to see if a drug, procedure, or treatment is safe and effective in animals. Laboratory and animal studies are done before a substance is tested in people.
   Laboratory and animal studies have tested the effects of PSK on the immune system, including immune cells called natural killer cells and T-cells. See the Laboratory/Animal/Preclinical Studies section of the health professional version of Medicinal Mushrooms for information on laboratory and animal studies done using PSK.
5. Have any studies of PSK been done in people?
   PSK has been studied in patients with gastric cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. It has been used as adjuvant therapy in thousands of cancer patients since the mid-1970s. PSK has been safely used in people for a long time in Japan and few side effects have been reported.
   Gastric cancer
   Studies show that the use of PSK as adjuvant therapy in patients with gastric (stomach) cancer may help repair immune cell damage caused by chemotherapy and strengthen the immune system.
   Studies of PSK as adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer include the following:

   • A randomized clinical trial in Japan done between 1978 and 1981 included 751 patients who had surgery for gastric cancer. After surgery, patients received chemotherapy with or without PSK. On average, the patients who received chemotherapy and PSK lived longer than those who received chemotherapy alone. The researchers believe it might be possible to predict which patients would benefit the most from PSK depending on the numbers of granulocytes and lymphocytes in the patient’s blood.
   • In 1994, a study in Japan followed 262 patients who had successful surgery for gastric cancer and were given chemotherapy with or without PSK. Patients who received chemotherapy and PSK were less likely to have recurrent cancer and lived longer than those who did not. Treatment with PSK caused few side effects. The researchers thought the study showed that PSK and chemotherapy should be given to gastric cancer patients after surgery to remove the cancer.
   • A review published in 2007 combined results from 8 randomized controlled trials in 8,009 patients who had surgery to remove gastric cancers. After surgery, patients in the trials were given chemotherapy with or without PSK. The results suggest that receiving chemotherapy and PSK helped patients live longer after surgery.
   Breast cancer
   In a phase I clinical trial sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, a product made with turkey tail was given to a small group of patients with breast cancer following radiation therapy. There was an increase in natural killer cells and other cancer-fighting cells in the immune system.
   Colorectal cancer
   Studies of PSK as adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer include the following:

   • PSK was studied in a randomized clinical trial for its effect on the immune system in patients with stage II or stage III rectal cancer. Patients received chemotherapy and radiation therapy, with or without PSK. This study found that PSK increased the number of cancer-killing immune cells and had anticancer effects in tissue that received radiation therapy.
   • A review that combined results from 3 studies in 1,094 patients with colorectal cancer found that patients who received PSK were less likely to have recurrent cancer and lived longer than those who did not.
   Lung cancer
   Studies of PSK as adjuvant therapy for patients with lung cancer include the following:

   • Five nonrandomized clinical trials reported that patients treated with PSK and radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy lived longer.
   • Six randomized clinical trials in patients with lung cancer studied chemotherapy with or without PSK. The studies showed that patients who received PSK improved in one or more ways, including immune function, body weight, well-being, tumor-related symptoms, or longer survival.
6. Have any side effects or risks been reported from turkey tail or PSK?
   There have been few side effects reported in studies of PSK in Japan.

 http://www.iranzaminmushroom.ir/post/1471

تماس و تلگرام

09120700851

مقاله 2018: بتا-دی گلوگان گنودرما لوسیدیوم (ریشی) و تاثیر آن روی سیستم ایمنی

خلاصه نتیجه (به رنگ سبز و آبی بلد): تکثیر و افزایش فعالیت عوامل موثر در تقویت سیستم ایمنی بدن

Triple helix conformation of β-D-glucan from Ganoderma lucidum and effect of molecular weight on its immunological activity

WWW.IranZaminMushroom.ir 

قارچ صدفی طلایی

Pleurotus citrinopileatus, the golden oyster mushroom  

Pleurotus citrinopileatus, the golden oyster mushroom (tamogitake in Japanese), is an edible gilled fungus. Native to eastern Russia, northern China, and Japan, the golden oyster mushroom is very closely related to P. cornucopiae of Europe, with some authors considering them to be at the rank of subspecies.^[2] In far eastern Russia, P. citrinopileatus, there called iI'mak, is one of the most popular wild edible mushrooms.

Ecology

The golden oyster mushroom, like other species of oyster mushroom, is a wood-decay fungus. In the wild, P. citrinopileatus most commonly decays hardwoods such as elm.^[2][3] Spores are spread by Callipogon relictus, a beetle.

Uses

Golden oyster mushrooms are cultivated commercially, usually on a medium of grain, straw, or sawdust.^[4] Pleurotus species are some of the most commonly cultivated mushrooms, particularly in China, due to their ease of cultivation and their ability to convert 100 g of organic refuse into 50-70 g of fresh mushrooms, which are up to 30% protein.^[5]

P. citrinopileatus mushrooms are a source of antioxidants.^[6] Extracts from P. citrinopileatus have been studied for their antihyperglycemic properties, decreasing blood sugar levels in diabetic rats.^[7] They have also been studied as a source of lipid-lowering drugs;^[8] P. ostreatus, a related oyster mushroom, has been found to contain the cholesterol-lowering drug lovastatin.^[9]

References

1.      ^ Singer, R. (1943). "Das System der Agaricales. III.". Annals of Mycology 41: 1–189. 

2.      ^ ^{a b c} Ohira, Ikuo (1990). "A revision of the taxonomic status of Pleurotus citrinopileatus". Reports of the Tottori Mycological Institute 28: 143–150. http://rms1.agsearch.agropedia.affrc.go.jp/contents/JASI/pdf/society/47-0967.pdf. 

3.      ^ ^{a b c} Parmasto, Erast (July 1987). "Pleurotus citrinopileatus, one of the favourites". Mycologist 1 (3): 106–107. doi:10.1016/S0269-915X(87)80076-9. 

4.      ^ Stamets, Paul (2000). Growing gourmet and medicinal mushrooms. Ten Speed Press. pp. 274–289. ISBN 1580081754. 

5.      ^ Chang, Shu-ting; Miles, Philip G. (2004). "Pleurotus — A Mushroom of Broad Adaptability". Mushrooms: cultivation, nutritional value, medicinal effect, and environmental impact (2nd ed.). CRC Press. pp. 315–325. ISBN 9780849310430. http://books.google.com/books?id=XO4EGzpp1M0C. 

6.      ^ Yu-Ling Lee, Gi-Wei Huang, Zeng-Chin Liang and Jeng-Leun Mau (June 2007). "Antioxidant properties of three extracts from Pleurotus citrinopileatus". LWT - Food Science and Technology 40 (5): 823–833. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2006.04.002. 

7.      ^ Shu-Hui Hu, Jinn-Chyi Wang, Juang-Lin Lien, Ean-Tun Liaw and Min-Yen Lee (March 2006). "Antihyperglycemic effect of polysaccharide from fermented broth of Pleurotus citrinopileatus". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 70 (1): 107–113. doi:10.1007/s00253-005-0043-5. 

8.      ^ Shu Hui Hu, Zeng Chin Liang, Yi Chen Chia, Juang Lin Lien, Ker Shaw Chen, Min Yen Lee, and Jinn Chyi Wang (2006). "Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Extracts from Pleurotus citrinopileatus". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 54 (6): 2103–2110. doi:10.1021/jf052890d. 

9.      ^ Gunde-Cimerman N, Cimerman A. (March 1995). "Pleurotus fruiting bodies contain the inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase-lovastatin". Exp Mycol. 19 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1006/emyc.1995.1001. PMID 7614366.

خرید قارچ صدفی طلایی

http://www.iranzaminmushroom.ir/post/13

کشف و ثبت جهانی گونه جدید قارچ کلاهکدار با نام ایران (گونه Agaricus iranicus) توسط پژوهشگران دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

این پژوهش توسط دکتر مهدیزاده و همکارانی از کشور فرانسه و اسپانیا در دانشگاه تربیت مدرس در غالب رساله دکتری انجام گرفت. گونه Agaricus iranicus برای اولین بار در ایران در استان گیلان (انزلی) جمع آوری و شناسایی شد. هفت نمونه از این گونه هم اکنون به صورت زنده و خشک در کالچر کالکشن  و همچنین هرباریوم قارچ های کلاهک دار دانشگاه تربیت مدرس و موسسه گیاه پژشکی در حال نگهداری است. نتایج این پژوهش در مجله معتبر Fungal Biology در سال 2018 با شرح تاکسونومیکی، مورفولوژیکی، به همراه نتایج مولکولی حاصل از سه ژن به چاپ رسید. متاسفانه رویشگاه اصلی این گونه  در حال تخریب بوده و خطر انقراض این گونه وجود دارد. دسترسی به متن کامل مقاله در لینک های انتهای خبر در پایگاه های sciencedirect و ncbi امکان پذیر است.

Fungal Biol. 2018 Jan; 122 (1):34-51

A phylogenetic and morphological overview of sections Bohusia, Sanguinolenti, and allied sections within Agaricus subg. Pseudochitonia with three new species from France, Iran, and Portugal.

Mahdizadeh V¹, Alberto Parra L², Safaie N³, Mohammadi Goltapeh E¹, Chen J⁴, Guinberteau J⁵, Callac P⁶.

Abstract

The genus Agaricus was recently rearranged to accommodate numerous tropical taxa. Accordingly, the genus was split into six subgenera and 22 sections of which 12 are included in A. subg. Pseudochitonia. Preliminary data indicated that three putative new species belong to this subgenus. Our objectives were to describe these species, to determine to which sections they belong, and to experience the interest of some traditional traits in this new context. We morphologically described Agaricus coniferarum from France and Portugal, Agaricus iranicus from Iran, and Agaricus lusitanicus from Portugal. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, LSU, and tef1 sequence data of representatives of the 12 sections clearly indicated that A. coniferarum and A. lusitanicus are placed in Agaricus sect. Bohusia, while A. iranicus is in A. sect. Sanguinolenti. Incidentally, we replaced the illegitimate name Agaricus magnivelaris by Agaricus fiardianus. In a phylogenetic tree, based on all available ITS sequence data and focussing on six related sections, we examined the phylogenetic distribution of various characters. The intensity of red discolouration when the sporocarp is rubbed or cut appeared as a phylogenetically weak informative trait. We propose a determination key leading to a group of three hardly distinguishable sections (Bohusia, Nigrobrunnescentes, and Sanguinolenti).

KEYWORDS:

Agaricus coniferarum; Agaricus iranicus; Agaricus lusitanicus; Multi-gene phylogeny; Red-staining Agaricus; Taxonomy

لینک دسترسی به متن کامل مقاله

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187861461730137X?via%3Dihub

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29248113

قارچ برای لاغری - قارچ برای رفع یبوست

مصرف قارچ شیناکه برای لاغری

http://www.iranzaminmushroom.ir/post/1265

نحوه سفارش محصول. ابتدا نوع بیماری، شهر و مقدار مورد نیاز را برای ما تلگرام یا پیام کنید و یا در کانال ما عضو شوید تا از میزان و نحوه سفارش اطلاع حاصل کنید.
برای سفارش قارچ های دارویی از جمله شیتاکه و.... به شماره 09120700851 تلگرامی پیام دهید

https://telegram.me/Iranshiitake

https://telegram.me/IranZaminMushroom

مقالات مرتبط با تاثیر این قارچ در کاهش وزن

 Certain components of the shiitake mushroom have hypolipidaemic (fat-reducing) effects, such as eritadenine and b-glucan, a soluble dietary fiber that’s also found in barley, rye and oats. Studies have reported that b-glucan can increase satiety, reduce food intake, delay nutrition absorption and reduce plasma lipid (fat) levels.

A 2011 study published in the Journal of Obesity examined the effects of shiitake mushrooms on plasma lipid profiles, fat dispositions, energy efficiency and body fat index. Rats were fed a high-fat diet for a six-week period. Researchers found significant effects of dietary intervention on body weight gain. Rats on a high dose of shiitake mushroom diet (which involved adding mushroom powder to a high-fat diet) had 35 percent lower body weight gains than rats on low and medium shiitake mushroom diets. Rats on the high dose shiitake mushroom diet also had significantly lower total fat masses and had a trend of lower fat accumulation.

The researchers concluded by suggesting that shiitake mushrooms can help prevent body weight gain, fat deposition and plasma triacylglycerol when added to a high-fat diet. This encourages an effort to pursue human studies that examine the efficacy of shiitake mushrooms for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. (2)

سلام آقای دکتر درمورد مطالبی که گذاشتین، اینکه منم لاغر شدم به نظرم علاوه براینکه قارچ لاغرکنندس، رژیمی که برای این بیماری هم میگن باعث لاغری شده مثل حذف شیرینیجات وگوشت وخوردن سبزیجات

من بعد دوماه استفاده لاغر شدم،بله همسر منم سالها درگیر یبوست بود ولی با قارچ حل شده

ولی من بعد دوماه استفاده گلوبولهای سفید م عادی بود زیاد نشده بود

واقعا نمیدنم چرا این قارچ ها داره تاثیر منفی میزاره روم، لاغرم کرده بدجور
👇👇👇
کلا این قارچ چربی سوزه

⭐️⭐️⭐️
سلام وقت بخیر کانال گذاشتن این قارچ چربی سوزه دقیقا منم لاغر شدم که این مشکلو داشتن تو کانال گذاشتن چکار میشه کرد برای لاغری؟
👇👇👇

⭐️⭐️⭐️


آقای دکتر
ازون دوستانی که لاغر شدن با شیتاکه
میشه بپرسین بعد از چند وقت مصرف دچار کاهش وزن شدن؟

چرا پس برای من کاهش وزن ندار
⭐️⭐️⭐️

سلام آقای دکتر درمورد مطالبی که گذاشتین، اینکه منم لاغر شدم به نظرم علاوه براینکه قارچ لاغرکنندس، رژیمی که برای این بیماری هم میگن باعث لاغری شده مثل حذف شیرینیجات وگوشت و زیاد خوردن میوه و سبزیجات

خيلى ممنون
يه سوال ديگه هم داشتم من خودم لاغرم قدم ١٧٢، ٦٠ كيلوام و نميخوام بيشتر لاغر شم، يعنى فكر ميكنم لاغرى بيشتر ازين خودش منو ضعيف ميكنه به نظر شما مصرف قارچ رو ادامه بدم؟ ممنون وقت ميزارين 🙏🏻🙏🏻🌹
يه سوال ديگه هم داشتم قارچ خسك رو چند وقت ميشه نگه داشت؟ در صورتى كه تو جاى كاملاً خشك نگهدارى شه
👇

چاغ شدن کاری نداره. تغذیه رو درست کنید و قارچ قطع نکنید.

۲تا۶ماه ولی زودتر استفاده شه بهتره

خب تغذیم خوبه ولی با مصرف قارچ هر روز لاغرتر میشم

تو ۱ماه ۴کیلو وزن کم کردم

در حالی که اضافه وزن نداشتم.

قرص ahcc هم لاغر میکنه؟👇👇👇👇👇👇🙈🙈🙈👇🙈


نمدونم

مرسی،بعد اینکه شیتاکه تموم شد میتونم قارچ دیگه ای تهیه کنم که هم زگیلارو از بین ببره هم لاغرم نکنه؟میشه اسمشو بگید لطفا
👇👇👇
اره

ریشی

و ماشمیکس اگه موجود باشه

سلام آقاي دكتر ،شبتون بخير ،اقاي دكتر من هم مدت ٣ماه هست كه از قارچ استفاده مي كنم و تو اين مدت 5كيلو كم كردم ،ظاهرا مي تونه براي لاغري هم كاربرد داشته باشه ،ممنون از زحمات شما🙏🙏👇👇👇
سلام اقاي دكتر منم سه ماه قارچ مصرف ميكنم ٦كيلو لاغر كردم فكر كنم براي كساني كه مي خوان لاغر شن خوبه
👇👇👇👇

سلام دكتر منم ١٠كيلو كم كردمً
خيلي دارمً لاغر ميشم
بد نباشه
از حد بيشتر شده

قدم١٧٣
وزنم شده٦٤

درضمن تو گروه ميشه بپرسين سركه رو چطور براي دهان استفاده كنم ك زگيلا از بين برن

سلام آقای دکتر خسته نباشید.مطالب بقیه دوستان تو کانال جالب بود در مورد لاغری.من خودم تو این 3 ماهه حدود 16 کیلو لاغر کردم هفته پیش سونو دادم که کبد چرب گرید 2 به 3 داشتم کلا رفع شده.چند روز قبلم آزمایش دادم که بر خلاف تصورم آنزیمهای کبدیم که قبلا بالای 100 بود اومدن رو 20.

البته اینم بگم خدمتتون من برا بالا بردن ایمنی گرفتم این قارچو چون امسال آزمون داشتم و وقت سرماخوردگی و اینا رو نداشتم😂😂 و تو کتابخونه همه بجز من یه 3 4 باری آنفولانزا گرفتن.😂😂😂

سلام وقت بخیر برای لاغری از چه قارچی میشه استفاده کرده ایا شیتاکه رو میشه به عنوان لاغر کننده استفاده کرد؟

👇👇👇👇

لاغر شدن، رفع یبوست چنتا موردی بود که اخیرا بدست اوردیم
👇👇👇

سلام اقای دکتر گفتم بهتون بگم که من اوایل مصرف قارچ یعنی تا ۵ ، ۶ ماه اول یبوستم با قارچ خیلی خوب شده بود ولی بعد از اون انگار که روده هام بهش عادت کرد باز مثل قبل شدم ولی خدا شکر الان چند وقتیه که دیگه عود نداشتم اصلا

آقای دکتر همه میگن با مصرف شیتاکه  لاغر شدن شوهر منم همینطور البته خیلی چاق بود اما واسه من بر عکس شده اشتهامو خیلی زیاد میکنه سه کیلو توی این دو ماه و  چند روز چاقتر شدم 😁

سلام آقای دکتر
دقیقا شیتاکه روی لاغریه منم تاثیر داشته من در یک ماه و نیم  ۴ کیلو وزن کم کردم البته بدون از دست دادن ویتامین ها (بادادن آزمایش دوره ای)و فرم بدن و صورتم کاملا یکدست لاغر شدن

روی اشتها تاثیر مستقیم داره با حفظ ریز مغذی ها و خیلی خوبه که شما برای درمان چاقی اینو معرفی و عرضه کنید

من از ترس اینکه چیزی ازم نمونه خوردنشو قطع کردم🙈
بعد از یک ماه و نیم شیتاکه خشک رو شروع کردم

قای دکتر یکی از بیماران در مورد کاهش وزن با شیتاکه نوشت ک دوماهه ده کیلو کم کرد میخواستم بگم منم در عرض دوماه و نیم روزی ده گرم مصرف کردم سیزده کیلو کم کردم میخواستم بپرسم قارچ ماشمیکس هم بر بیماری زگیل تاثیر داره  ک اگه جوابتون مثبته  و ماشمبکس تاثیر داره بر زگیل تناسلی من ماشمیکس مصرف کنم،چون بی اندازه لاغر شدم گاهی تعادل ندارم ممنون میشم راهنمایی کنید
👇👇👇
اره. ولی موجود نداریم تا سه هفته

سلام دکتر
قارچ شیتاکه کلا خاصیت لاغر کنندگی داره انگار آب بدن آدمو میکشه و ربطی ب تغذیه و قانون بشکه نداره.
من خودم ی مدت شیتاکه مصرف میکردم و خیلی لاغر شده بودم شاید ۱۰ کیلو تو ۲ماه کم کردم اما الان ک ماشمیکس استفاده میکنم وزنم خیلی بهتر شده و توی دوران مصرف هردونوع قارچ روش تغذیه م یکی بوده .

👇👇👇

قانون بشکه برای تغذیه درسته. کاری به شیتاکه نداره

قارچ های قابل کشت: قارچ شیتاکه شی تاکه

 Shiitake Mushrooms are brown and fleshy with a curved cap that needs 18-24⁰C temperature on saw dust substrate. Unlike other Specialty Mushrooms, Shiitake Mushrooms are as mysteriously unique as they are delicious. Unique thing about these Mushrooms are that, they can be used as food as well as Medicine. Shiitake Mushrooms are an excellent source of selenium and iron. They are also good source of protein, dietary fiber, and vitamin C. Shiitake also contain a specific amino acid that helps speed up the processing of cholesterol in the liver.

Scientific Name :

• Lentinula Edodes

Benefits :

• Treat nutritional deficiencies and improves immunity through diet
• Great source of minerals and vitamins with low fat, low carbohydrate, high fiber and protein
• Formidable cancer fighter
• Effective against viruses : HIV, Hepatitis B etc.
• Recognized as a food source of iron and selenium
• Mushrooms have 3 times the anti-oxidant capacity of tomatoes.
• Mushrooms provide you get the benefit of vitamins and minerals without worrying about your weight
• Mushroom has a glycaemic index (GI) so low it can’t even be measured
• Mushrooms are a good source of pyridoxine, Vitamin B6 (15% RNI)
• Mushrooms are low in calories, fat and sodium
• Mushrooms are high in fiber and essential minerals
• Having a large no of therapeutic properties
• Has pharmaceutical values and used as a drug for various diseases

The Nutritional Value of Shiitake Mushroom 100g
The shiitake Mushroom contains 26 percent of the recommended daily intake of the antioxidant selenium while containing no fat and 9.6g Protein, 75.4g Carbohydrates and 296 (1239kj) Calories, good source of Vitamins and Minerals . This variety is also a excellent source of copper 5.2mg, Zinc 7.7mg, Sodium 13.0mg, Potassium 1534mg, Phosphorus 294mg, Magnesium 132mg, Iron 1.7mg, Calcium 11.0mg, Manganese 1.2mg, Selenium 46.1mcg, B group vitamins and pantothenic acid.

کشت انواع قارچ های خوراکی و دارویی مورد نیاز شما

برای سفارش نوع قارچ و میزان مورد نیاز و عقد قرار داد تولید با قارچ ایران زمین تماس بگیرید

برای سفارش قارچ های دارویی از جمله شیتاکه و.... به شماره 09120700851 تلگرامی پیام دهید

مقاله 2017: بررسی جمعیت میکروبی کمپوست فاز دو طی شرایط پاستوریزاسیون مختلف

An Exploration into the Bacterial Community under Different Pasteurization Conditions during Substrate Preparation (Composting-Phase II) for Agaricus bisporus Cultivation.

گزارش یک استرین بومی قارچ  بادام برای اولین بار از ایران، شیخ محله تالش استان گیلان، مهدیزاده و همکاران، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

ولی اله مهدیزاده، ناصر صفایی، ابراهیم محمدی گلتپه، محمد رضا آصف، فیلیپ کالاک

Medicinal mushroom Agaricus subrufescens from Iran shares genetic markers with specimens from China and Thailand

 Valiollah Mahdizadeh,† Naser Safaie,† Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh,† Mohammad Reza Asef,† Philippe Callac†

http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjb-2016-0198#.WVY0PtElEtI

برای دریافت فول تکست به کانال قارچ ایران زمین مراجعه نمایید

https://telegram.me/IranZaminMushroom

قارچ هایی که در درمان آلزایمر موثرند.

اخیرا دانشمندان پی به تاثیر قارچ هایی برده اند که باعث تولید سلول های جدید مغذی و نهایتا بهبود عملکرد مغز می شوند.

قارچ ایران زمین

09128431824

https://www.google.com/patents/US20110091579

http://www.snopes.com/2016/09/18/psychedelic-mushrooms-help-your-brain/

http://thirdmonk.net/knowledge/magic-mushrooms-growth-brain-cells.html

http://www.learning-mind.com/magic-mushrooms-can-actually-rewire-and-change-your-brain/

ارایه اطلاعات در مورد قارچ شیتاکه و سایر قارچهای خوراکی و دارویی،  قیمت، نحوه و دوز مصرف،  تجربیات مصرف کنندگان و...

آدرس سایت:
http://www.iranzaminmushroom.ir/
آدرس کانال:
https://telegram.me/Iranshiitake

تلفن: 09128431824

مقاله 2016: تولید قارچ دکمه ای غنی شده با سلینیوم، روی و مس

این عناصر را به کمپوست اضافه کردند و قارچ غنی شده با این عناصر تولید کردند.

Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus enriched with selenium, zinc and copper.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom) is an important culinary and medicinal species of worldwide importance. The present study investigated for the first time whether it may be grown on substrates supplemented with Se alone or in combination with Cu and/or Zn (0.1-0.8 mmol L^-1 ) to produce fruiting bodies of increased nutritional value.

RESULTS:

As found, substrate supplementation did not affect yielded biomass up to 0.6 mmol L^-1 element concentrations regardless of the cultivation model. At 0.8 mmol L^-1 Se + Cu and Se + Zn supplementation biomass comparable with controls still developed. The accumulation of trace elements in the fruiting bodies generally increased over the concentration gradient reaching its maximum at 0.6 mmol L^-1 (for Se + Zn and Se + Cu + Zn) and 0.8 mmol L^-1 (for Se and Se + Cu). The organic Se constituted the greatest share in total Se quota. As calculated, each 10 g of dried fruiting bodies of A. bisporus obtained from 0.6 or 0.8 mmol L^-1 supplementation would represent 342-469% of the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for Se, 43.4-48.5% for Cu and 5.2-5.8% for Zn.

CONCLUSION:

Considering inexpensive methods of A. bisporus cultivation, global popularity and use of this mushroom, its biofortification with Se, Cu and Zn could have a practical application in deficiency prevention and assisted treatment. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jsfa.7816/abstract;jsessionid=1E082FDBFEEB6E24EC14BBC035AF8FCA.f04t03

Abstract

Agaricus bisporus mushrooms are commercially produced on a microbe rich compost. Here, fungal and bacterial biomass was quantified in compost with and without colonization by A. bisporus. Chitin content, indicative of total fungal biomass, increased during a 26-day period from 576 to 779 nmol N-acetylglucosamine g⁻¹ compost in the absence of A. bisporus (negative control). A similar increase was found in the presence of this mushroom forming fungus. The fungal phospholipid-derived fatty acid (PLFA) marker C18:2ω6, indicative of the living fraction of the fungal biomass, decreased from 575 to 280 nmol g⁻¹ compost in the negative control. In contrast, it increased to 1200 nmol g⁻¹ compost in the presence of A. bisporus. Laccase activity was absent throughout culturing in the negative control, while it correlated with the fungal PLFA marker in the presence of A. bisporus. PLFA was also used to quantify living bacterial biomass. In the negative control, the bacterial markers remained constant at 3000–3200 nmol PLFA g⁻¹ compost. In contrast, they decreased to 850 nmol g⁻¹ compost during vegetative growth of A. bisporus, implying that bacterial biomass decreased from 17.7 to 4.7 mg g⁻¹ compost. The relative amount of the Gram positive associated PLFA markers a15:0 and a17:0 and the Gram negative PLFA associated markers cy17:0 and cy19:0 increased and decreased, respectively, suggesting that Gram negative bacteria are more suppressed by A. bisporus. Together, these data indicate that fungal biomass can make up 6.8% of the compost after A. bisporus colonization, 57% of which being dead. Moreover, results show that A. bisporus impacts biomass and composition of bacteria in compost.

مقاله 2016: سناریوهایی برای کاهش اثر فاکتورهای محیطی روی تولید قارچ دکمه ای

Scenarios for the reduction of environmental impact in Agaricus bisporus production

Available online 26 December 2016

Highlights

Analysis of improvement scenarios in the production process of Mushroom.

The research includes all stages of the production process.

The implementation of the scenarios can get reduction in all impact categories.

aThe improvement scenarios achieved a reduction from 16.25 to 194.63%.

 Abstract

The aim of this study is to obtain a critical analysis of the reduction of environmental impacts in the production of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus. This is done through a series of proposed scenarios at each stage of the production process: mycelium production, composting and cultivation cycle. The improvement scenarios included in this research are: replacement of cereal straw by hay, as base material of compost; elimination of the pre-moistening phase of the straw; use of biofilters for composting in closed tunnels and pasteurization chambers; maximization of load capacity of compost in air-conditioned growing room; and energy optimization and use of renewable energy sources in the production process. The implementation of the successive improvement scenarios leads to a decrease of the environmental impact. The individual scenarios can be combined to obtain a reduction in all impact categories; one of the scenario combinations provides the best results, producing reductions in all the categories, from 16.25% in Global Warming to 194.63% in Terrestrial ecotoxicity, with other important reductions such as 55.28% in Marine aquatic ecotoxicity.

 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652616321928

گونه های فعال اکسیژن و خصوصیات آنتی اکسیدانی قارچهای کلاهکد

Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant properties from mushrooms

• Carmen Sánchez

• Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla, Tlaxcala, CP. 90062, Mexico

Received 30 May 2016, Revised 4 November 2016, Accepted 2 December 2016, Available online 24 December 2016

Abstract

Preventive medicine and food industry have shown an increased interest in the development of natural antioxidants, since those most commonly used synthetic antioxidants may have restricted use in food. This could explain why there is currently much research on the antioxidant properties from natural products such as mushrooms. Many mushrooms have been reported to possess antioxidant properties, which enable them to neutralize free radicals. The oxygen molecule is a free radical, which lead to the generation of the reactive oxygen species and can damage the cells. Cell damage caused by free radicals appears to be a major contributor to aging and degenerative diseases. Mushrooms antioxidant components are found in fruit bodies, mycelium and culture both, which include polysaccharides, tocopherols, phenolics, carotenoids, ergosterol and ascorbic acid among others. Fruit bodies or mycelium can be manipulated to produce active compounds in a relatively short period of time, which represent a significant advantage in antioxidant compounds extraction from mushrooms. Antioxidant compounds may be extracted to be used as functional additives or mushrooms can be incorporated into our food regime, representing an alternative source of food to prevent damage caused by oxidation in the human body.

جایگزینی مناسب در حد اسپورگون برای کپک سبز قارچ دکمه ای

Biological control of green mould on Agaricus bisporus by a native Bacillus subtilis strain from mushroom compost

 Fifty bacterial isolates obtained from compost were tested in vitro against the causal agents of green mould in Agaricus bisporus. Isolate B-38 which induced 48.08% in vitro growth inhibition of T. harzianum T54 and 52.25% of T. aggressivum f. europaeum T77 was identified as Bacillus subtilis, based on 16S rDNA sequence and used in mushroom growing room experiments. B. subtilis B-38 did not decrease mycelial growth rate of Agaricus bisporus A15 in mushroom compost in glass tubes. After applying prochloraz-manganese, B. subtilis B-38 and B. subtilis QST 713, no significant differences in BE values among treatments were found concerning both total yield and the weight of healthy mushrooms. Statistical analyses showed that only inoculation significantly influenced the healthy mushroom yield. In plots inoculated with T. harzianum T54 disease incidence was significantly lower after treatments with prochloraz-manganese (11.81%), B. subtilis QST 713 (12.26%) and B. subtilis B-38 (14.19%) compared to the control (28.16%), as well as in plots inoculated with T. aggressivum f. europaeum T77 11.88%, 12.2% and 15.03%, respectively, in comparison with the control (23.47%). Statistically significant differences were not found among the efficacy values of tested bio-fungicides based on B. subtilis and the commercial fungicide prochloraz-manganese suggesting the use of B. subtilis B-38 and B. subtilis QST 713 as good alternatives to chemical fungicides.

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10658-016-1107-3

مقاله 2016: استفاده از اسپنت کمپوست (کمپوست قارچ مصرف شده) در فاز یک کمپوست سازی

Effects of Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC) as an Ingredient in Phase I Compost on Production of Agaricus bisporus

ABSTRACT

Experiments were performed to determine the effect of using 20% spent mushroom compost (SMC) as an ingredient in phase I compost on mushroom yield. Yields from compost prepared with two 20% SMC formulations (80Ctl, 80LC) were compared to a standard control (Ctl) containing no SMC. The 80LC compost was formulated with a higher level of lignocellulose raw materials, including corn stover, corncobs, cottonseed hulls, and wheat straw. The 80Ctl compost contained 20% SMC plus the same raw materials used to prepare Ctl compost. Yields of 80LC matched or exceeded yields of the Ctl compost in all three crops while yields of 80Ctl were significantly lower. As an additional factor, lignocellulose supplements were added at spawning and were a significant factor in increasing mushroom yields, although not superior to a standard commercial supplement applied at 3.7% (dry compost weight). Compost bulk density was significantly higher (19–20%) in compost formulations containing 20% SMC compared to the non-SMC Ctl. Populations of four prominent phyla of bacteria (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Chloroflexi), as determined by pyrosequence analysis, were similar in both compost types and did not appear to influence mushroom yield.

 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1065657X.2016.1147399

http://www.iranzaminmushroom.ir/category/2

مقاله 2016: تاثیر هورمون براسینولید روی انبارداری قارچ دکمه ای

• Yang Ding, 
• Zhen Zhu, 
• Jinhong Zhao, 
• Ying Nie, 
• Yu Zhang, 
• Jiping Sheng, 
• Demei Meng, 
• Hongmei Mao, 
• Xuanming Tang

Abstract

Postharvest browning is the primary cause of a decrease in the shelf life of the white button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus). This study investigated the effect of postharvest brassinolide (BL) treatment on metabolism in relation to browning of the white button mushroom. Each harvested mushroom was dipped into one of three solutions containing 0, 1, or 3 μM BL for 5 min and stored in darkness at 4 °C for 16 days. Our results indicated that treatment with BL restrains browning development and reduces the total phenolic content and polyphenol oxidase activity. In addition, BL treatment maintains lower weight loss, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde content and inhibits any increase in lipoxygenase activity compared with those of the control mushrooms. Furthermore, BL treatment significantly decreases the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces the antioxidant enzyme system. Compared with 1 μM BL, treatment with 3 μM BL is more effective in reducing cap browning. The reduction of membrane oxidative damage and ROS levels induced by BL inhibits enzymatic browning reaction in the white button mushroom. These findings suggest that treatment with BL could have the potential of inhibiting browning and thus maintaining the mushroom’s commercial value.

مقاله 2016: برا کمپوست سازی کاه برنج بهتره یا گندم؟ مقایسه جمعیت میکروبی در طول مراحل مختلف کمپوست سازی

Comparison of characterization and microbial communities in rice straw- and wheat straw-based compost for Agaricus bisporus production

    Lin Wang , Jiugeng Mao, Hejuan Zhao, Min Li, Qishun Wei, Ying Zhou, Heping Shao

Abstract

Rice straw (RS) is an important raw material for the preparation of Agaricus bisporus compost in China. In this study, the characterization of composting process from RS and wheat straw (WS) was compared for mushroom production. The results showed that the temperature in RS compost increased rapidly compared with WS compost, and the carbon (C)/nitrogen (N) ratio decreased quickly. The microbial changes during the Phase I and Phase II composting process were monitored using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Bacteria were the dominant species during the process of composting and the bacterial community structure dramatically changed during heap composting according to the DGGE results. The bacterial community diversity of RS compost was abundant compared with WS compost at stages 4–5, but no distinct difference was observed after the controlled tunnel Phase II process. The total amount of PLFAs of RS compost, as an indicator of microbial biomass, was higher than that of WS. Clustering by DGGE and principal component analysis of the PLFA compositions revealed that there were differences in both the microbial population and community structure between RS- and WS-based composts. Our data indicated that composting of RS resulted in improved degradation and assimilation of breakdown products by A. bisporus, and suggested that the RS compost was effective for sustaining A. bisporus mushroom growth as well as conventional WS compost.

Keywords

Agaricus bisporus Composting Rice straw DGGE PLFA

http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10295-016-1799-6

مقاله 2016: تاثیر نوع بسته بندی و دما روی قارچ دکمه ای

Effect of Packaging Material and Temperature on Firmness of Minimally Processed Button Mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus)

Kaur Gagan Jyot*, Rehal Jagbir¹

Highlights

•Submerged fermentation maximally expressed the activity of tested enzymes.

•Oak sawdust favoured activities of Mn-dependent and Mn-independent peroxidases.

•Wheat straw was better substrate than oak sawdust for laccase activity.

•Fibers degradation was maximall on 14th day of oak sawdust submerged fermentation.

Abstract

Ganoderma applanatum is a widely-distributed wood decaying species whose ligninolytic enzyme system has not been sufficiently studied. The aims of the study were to profile its Mn-oxidizing peroxidases and laccases and defining of wheat straw and oak sawdust delignification extents depending on cultivation type. Activities of these enzymes were higher in submerged than in solid-state cultivation. Oak sawdust induced the highest activities of Mn-dependent (5545.5 U L⁻¹) and Mn-independent peroxidases (5810.0 U L⁻¹), and wheat straw stimulated laccase activity (11007.0 U L⁻¹). The isoelectric focusing profiles of enzymes and extent of lignocellulose degradation were affected by plant residue as well as type and period of cultivation. Submerged cultivation induced the synthesis of a higher number of enzyme isoforms and the maximum levels of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose degradation (40.9%, 32.7% and 27.4%) were reached during this oak sawdust fermentation. However, selectivity in fiber mineralisations was the highest during solid-state fermentation of wheat straw, which is important for possible application in various biotechnological processes that require accessible cellulose, such as production of more digestible feed, paper pulp and bioethanol.

Keywords

• Degradation;
• Ganoderma applanatum;
• Ligninolytic enzymes;
• Oak sawdust;
• Wheat straw
• http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964830516301834

اولین کشت مصنوعی بولت

مقاله 2016 درمورد آگاریکوس های بخش زانتودرماتی در ایران

Agaricus section Xanthodermatei in Iran

Valiollah Mahdizadeh^1,4, Naser Safaie^1*, Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh¹, Mohammad Reza Asef², Sayed Mohsen Nassaj Hosseini³ And Philippe Callac⁴

1-Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2- Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization( AREEO), Tehran, Iran

3- Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Guilan branch.

4-INRA, UR 1264, Mycologie et Sécurité des Aliments, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon CEDEX, France

*Corresponding author: Naser Safaie, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, email address: nsafaie@modares.ac.ir

Full Text:

PDF/A (2.96 MB)

کتاب قارچ های دارویی ایران

در این کتاب ضمن اشاره به کلیاتی در خصوص تاریخچه و اهمیت قارچ های دارویی ، گونه ‌های دارویی موجود در ایران معرفی شده و به اثرات دارویی آنها اشاره شده است . در هر مورد با معرفی قارچ دارویی ،مشخصات مورفولوژیکی شامل؛ شکل،رنگ،اندازه وسایر مشخصات اندام های مختلف قارچ ارائه شده و به زمان رویش و پراکنش جغرافیایی در ایران نیز پرداخته شده است . این کتاب در 160 صفحه گلاسه تمام رنگی و با قیمت 300000 ریال توسط اتنشارات ایرانشناسی عرضه شده است.

http://www.iran-shenasi.com/Fa/NewsItem/?ncID,1|nID,96

 فهرست مطالب ارایه شده در کتاب:

مقدمه‌اي بر قارچ ها

مقدمه‌اي بر طب سنتي

موانع و مشكلات گسترش استفاده از قارچ‌هاي دارويي

تاريخچه استفاده از قارچ‌ها در درمان بيماري ها

تاريخچه استفاده از قارچ‌هاي داروئي در مشرق زمين

تاريخچه استفاده از قارچ‌هاي داروئي در غرب

تاريخچه قارچ‌هاي داروئي در ايران

 فصل 2: قارچهاي داروئي ايران

1-  Agaricus bisporus

2- Agaricus campestris

3- Agaricus silvaticus

4- Agrocybe cylindracea

5- Armillariella mellea

6- Astraeus hygrometricus

7- Auricularia auricula-judas

8- Boletus edulis

9- Clitocybe nebularis

10- Cordyceps militaris

11- Daedaleopsis confragosa

12- Flammulina velutipes

13- Fomes formentarius

14- Fomitopsis pinicola

15- Ganoderma applanatum

16- Ganoderma australe

17- Ganoderma lucidum

18- Grifola frondosa

19- Hericium erinaceus

20- Phellinus baumii

21- Inonotus hispidus

22- Kuehneromyces mutabilis

23- Lactarius vellereus

24- Laetiporus sulphureous

25- Laricifomes officinalis

26- Lentinus edodes

27- Lenzites betulina

28- Marasmius androsaceus

29- Morchella esculenta

30- Perenniporia fraxinea

31- Pholiota spumosa

32- Piptoporus betulinus

33- Pleurotus eryngii

34- Pleurotus nebrodensis

35- Pleurotus ostreatus

36- Podaxis pistillaris

37- Russula delica

38- Schizophyllum commune

39- Trametes giboosa

40- Trametes versicolor

41- قارچ‌هاي دنبلان (Truffles)

42- Volvariella volvacea

داروی جاودانگی

قارچ ریشی یا لینقزی یا گنودرما

Reishi mushroom is 'plant of immortality'

 By Suzy Cohen
  Published: Tuesday, November 6, 2012 at 5:44 p.m.

Q: I asked an elderly Japanese friend why she looks so young for her age. She said she drinks tea made with reishi mushrooms. Is there anything to this?

— A.F., Castle Rock, Colo.

A: The short answer is yes. The Chinese name for reishi mushrooms is ling zhi, meaning "plant of immortality." These medicinal mushrooms have a history of safety that goes back at least 2,000 years. In my book, any herb that's been used continually for centuries deserves respect from modern medical science as opposed to snide comments as if it's "snake oil."

Mushrooms and fungi with incredible healing powers are now starting to gain attention from integrative physicians as well as folks who choose to self-treat after modern medicine fails them.

Right now, there are more than 800 scientific studies on reishi mushrooms on file in the National Institutes of Health's database. According to these studies — some on animals, some on people — reishi offers potential support for cardiovascular issues, infectious disease, liver detoxification, arthritis pain, asthma and other respiratory and immune-system disorders.

Overseas, it's common for cancer patients to willingly fork over considerable expense for these mushrooms, and sometimes insurance covers. You see, back when they were gathered from the wild, these mushrooms were rare and expensive. Now that they are cultivated commercially, reishi is relatively less expensive and readily available at health food stores.

فواید قارچ های دارویی (داروی های تولید شده توسط شرکت ماشروم ساینس)

Medicinal Mushroom Benefits

Anti-Oxidant*

Chaga is unique among medicinal mushrooms. In addition to its potent immune stimulating properties Chaga is also a powerful antioxidant. The MushroomScience Chaga extract was tested for its anti-oxidant properties by Brunswick Labs. They performed a test that assigns supplements an “ORAC” score, allowing the comparison of anti-oxidant properties between different types of supplements.

The ORAC value of the MushroomScience Chaga extract was higher than green or black tea extracts and was similar to that of blueberry extracts.

These anti-oxidant properties are attributed to an active compound unique to Chaga mushrooms, a triterpene called “betulinic acid”. The Wikipedia entry for betulinic acid contains interesting information on this active compound.

Chaga Tremella

Healthy Skin*

The ability of Tremella to improve the health and complexion of the skin is attributed to the fact that some of the polysaccharides in Tremella can help the body maintain the production of hyaluronic acid, the production of which normally declines as the body ages.

The function of hyaluronic acid in the body is, amongst other things, to bind water and to lubricate moveable parts in the body such as joints and muscles, and to help keep the skin pliable, firm and moist from within.  

Hyaluronic acid is a carbohydrate, more specifically a mucopolysaccharide occurring naturally throughout the body

Through extensive research over the years, hyaluronic acid has yielded amazing results in various applications and locations throughout the body.  Joint cushioning and support, connective tissues, scalp tissue, hair follicles, eyes, gum tissues and skin have all been known to benefit by hyaluronic acid supplementation. 

However, Tremella is thought to support the body’s ability to maintain the production of hyaluronic acid from within, without the drop off in production that normally comes with aging.  This is a much better option than trying to add hyaluronic acid later, through supplementation, as the body’s production of hyaluronic declines with age.

Tremella

Immune Support*

Mushrooms defined as “medicinal” are those mushrooms that contain immune activating beta glucans and other polysaccharides within their indigestible cell walls.  When properly extracted with hot water these polysaccharides are used in supplemental form to maintain, protect and support immune health.  

Any of the mushroom extracts can be used for immune support, and the best choice for any individual may rest on some of the additional, non-immune health benefits the various mushroom extracts may provide.

Agaricus blazei Chaga Cordyceps Cs-4 Coriolus PSP Coriolus Super Strength - PSK Formula Immune Builder® Lion's Mane Mushroom Maitake Maitake Gold 404® Reishi Super Strength Shiitake

Increased Energy*

Cordyceps extracts provide immuno-modulating beta glucans that support immune health.  Cordyceps extracts also contain adenosine, cordycepic acid, cordycepin and other related compounds.

It is the adenosine and these other related compounds that help with adrenal fatigue and adrenal depletion, and by doing so, can increase energy levels and stamina and endurance. 

Continued stress on the body can lead the adrenal glands to produce too much cortisol, too much cortisol in the system over time causes adrenal fatigue or exhaustion.  

By stress we mean a high stress life style or excessive physical activity.  This also applies to athletes that are constantly stressing the body through repeated and intensive physical training and activity.

Cortisol is an important hormone in the body and is involved in many important bodily functions.  However, continued excessive levels of cortisol in the system can cause adrenal fatigue or depletion, causing low energy levels, adrenal exhaustion and poor sleep.  Cordyceps can break this cycle by replenishing the adrenals and lowering cortisol levels, leading to increased energy, stamina and endurance.

Cordyceps Cs-4

Liver Health*

Reishi - In addition to the immuno-modulating beta glucans Reishi also contains active compounds called triterpenes.  The triterpenes specific to Reishi are called ganoderic acids.

Triterpenes can improve liver function by helping the liver to clear out accumulated toxins.  This is especially important for those people that may have impaired liver function.  

Shiitake - In addition to the beta glucans Shiitake contains various enzymes that may improve liver function.

Both Reishi and Shiitake are considered to be “tonics” for the liver in Traditional East Asian Medicine.

Reishi Super Strength Shiitake

Memory and Concentration*

Along with supporting immune health, the other unique health benefits attributed to Lion’s Mane extracts are what some researchers are calling “Neural Nourishment”.  Extracts of the Lion’s Mane mushrooms, and the mycelium grown in liquid (not rice), may enhance cognitive functions such as memory and concentration, promote or accelerate the growth of the myelin sheath (also called myelination), and enhance and promote the production of Nerve Growth Factor. 

The myelin sheath surrounds and promotes the normal function of nerve cells. This is essential to the health and normal functioning of the nervous system.

Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) is a small secreted protein that is important for the growth, maintenance and survival of certain neurons (nerve cells), and also functions as a signaling molecule. NGF is part of a family or group of similar proteins, also referred to as a neurotrophins, that serve to promote the health and normal function of the brain and nervous system.

Lion's Mane Mushroom

Stress Relief*

Balancing the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (HPA Axis) - Cordyceps Cs-4

Cordyceps extracts provide immuno-modulating beta glucans that support immune health.  Cordyceps extracts also contain other actives including adenosine, cordycepic acid, cordycepin and other related compounds.

It is the adenosine and the other related compounds that may help to balance the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), acting primarily through the adrenal glands, and by doing so, can be helpful to people suffering from prolonged exposure to stress.

The HPA Axis (or HTPA axis), is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions among the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland and the adrenal glands. The interactions among these organs constitute the HPA axis, a major part of the neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress, and regulates many of the body’s processes including digestion, the immune system, mood and emotions, sexuality and energy storage and expenditure. 

The ability to respond to stress is essential and a normal part of human physiology. Stress can be psychological stress, or physiological stressors such as such as hypoglycemia, illness, fever, trauma, surgery, fear, pain, physical exertion, or temperature extremes.

However, whether from a charging lion, or a pending deadline, the body's response to stress can be both helpful and harmful. The stress response gives us the strength and speed to ward off or flee from an impending threat. But when it persists, stress can put us at risk for a number of health problems.  Prolonged exposure to stress can also lead to a persistent feeling of fatigue, and can affect everything from mood to sleep, the immune function and the digestion of food and the absorption of nutrients from the diet.

This prolonged exposure to stress can also create an imbalance in the HPA Axis that becomes self-reinforcing, causing the negative symptoms to persist and get worse.

Regular use of Cordyceps, by replenishing the adrenals, may help to break this self-reinforcing imbalance, leading to a balanced HPA Axis and better health by reducing the negative effects of prolonged exposure to stress.

Cordyceps Cs-4

برای سفارش بذر قارج های دارویی به لینک زیر مراجعه و یا با شماره 09128431824 تماس بگیرید.

http://www.iranzaminmushroom.ir/category/36

برای مشاهده فهرست قارچ های مختلف به لینک زیر مراجعه نمایید.

http://www.iranzaminmushroom.ir/page/strains

بیولوژیُ‌کشت و خصوصیات دارویی قارچ هریسیوم

مقاله 2015: تیمارهای مقدماتی پس از برداشت برای بهبود عمر مفید قارچ دکمه‌ای

کاهش اینوکولوم و کنترل بیماری حباب خشک

مهمترین و تنها فرایندی که سبب کاهش اینوکولوم و کنترل بیماری حباب خشک می شود، ضد عفونی پایان دوره کشت یا کوک­آوت است. فارم­های دارای مشکل دائمی بیماری حباب خشک اغلب آنهایی هستند که قادر به کوک­آوت با بخار نیستند. پختن سالن کشت در پایان دوره پرورش در دمایی که ورتیسلیوم و همچنین میسلیوم خود قارچ خوراکی کشته شود به ما این اطمینان را خواهد داد که سالن­های کشت، عاری از قارچ عامل بیماری خواهد شد. نقطه مرگ دمایی عامل بیماری و قارچ خوراکی پایین است (بین 45 تا 50 درجه سلسیوس). دما باید به مدت کافی بالا نگه داشته شود تا گرما به همه سطوح و قفسه­های کشت نفوذ کند. این کار در مورد ورتیسلیوم که قادر به رشد بر روی چوب است بسیار اهمیت دارد (برای کنترل از دمای 70 درجه به مدت ده ساعت استفده کنید).

اگر این کار در درون سالن­های کشت قابل انجام نباشد و قرار باشد که کمپوست­ها از سالن کشت به اتاق کوک­آوت منتقل شوند، پخش بیماری افزایش خواهد یافت.

منبع: مهرپورور، م.، مهدیزاده، و.، اسلامی زاده، ر. 1393.آفات و بیماری های قارچ خوراکی، انشارات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی

 هر روز با یک مقاله ۲۰۱۲ در این بخش

مقاله ۲۰۱۲: سیلوسایب در تایلند: چهار گونه جدید و مروری بر گونه های شناسایی شده قبل

Psilocybe s.s. in Thailand: four new species and a review of previously recorded species

Abstract:

Keywords: HALLUCINOGENIC MUSHROOMS; RICHNESS MYCOBIOTA; STROPHARIACEAE; TROPICS

نرم افزار اندروید آموزش قارچ

از کافه بازار دانلود کنید

http://cafebazaar.ir/app/?id=com.keramati.gharch

خالص سازی و توصیف یک پروتئین ضد سرطان از قارچ خوراکی Agrocybe

Purification and characterization of an antitumor protein with deoxyribonuclease activity from edible mushroom Agrocybe aegerita

خاصیت دارویی عصاره اتانولی قارچ گنودرما GANODERMA

ANALGESIC AND ANTI INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF THE MUSHROOM GANODERMA APPLANATUM

چاگا: پادشاه قارچ های دارویی

Chaga: King of the Medicinal Mushrooms

Chaga is a polypore fungus (Aphyllophorales), which grows on birch trees. Chaga is at the top of the entire "medicinal" mushroom family. With a mystical history, Chaga (Inonotus Obliquus) has been referred to for centuries as the 'King of Herbs".

Properties and Ingredients of Chaga Mushrooms:

Chaga Mushrooms are vital as they contain Polysaccharides, Betulinic acid, Triterpenes, Germanium (a free-radical scavenger), nucleosides, phytonutrients, minerals, and amino acids including saponin, magnesium, chromium, iron, kalium, beta-glucan, inotodiol, isoprenoid, and others.

کلید شناسایی گونه های قارچ جنس آگاریکوس

Identification Keys to Agaricus species

http://www.mykoweb.com/misc/Agaricus_key.pdf
http://www.mushroomexpert.com/agaricus_01.html
http://mushroomexpert.com/agaricus_02.html
http://www.mushroomexpert.com/agaricus_03.html
http://www.svims.ca/council/Agari1.htm
http://www.mycowest.org/isaacs/keys/key-ag-1.pdf
http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/greatlakesdata/Taxa/AgariGenus1.html