مقاله 2012: ژنوم قارچ گنودرما

Plant genetics: The Lingzhi mushroom genome

A team of international researchers led by Shilin Chen and Chao Sun at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College¹ have now sequenced the genome of Lingzhi mushroom using the latest sequencing technology and optical mapping approaches. They found that the Lingzhi mushroom genome contains a large assortment of genes and gene clusters, many of which are involved in the production of secondary metabolites.

In particular, the researchers found 78 genes that have important roles in the biosynthesis of triterpenoids — a highly diverse group of steroids with therapeutic properties. By studying the Lingzhi genome, they hope to uncover alternative methods allowing the manufacture of triterpenoids on a large scale.

The authors of this work are from:
Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Laboratory for Molecular and Computational Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Genetics, UW Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; de Biotechnologie des Champignons Filamenteux, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.

Reference

1. Chen, S. et al. Genome sequence of the model medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Nature Commun. 3, 913 (2012).
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تاثیر قارچ  Cordyceps militaris روی تیپ دو دیابت در موش

Effect of Dongchunghacho (Cordyceps militaris) on hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic db/db mice

Abstract

مقاله 2012: ارزیابی خاک های مختلف پوشش و ککینگ در کشت قارچ خوراکی دکمه ای

Evaluation of different casing materials and cacing in Agaricus bisporus cultivation

مقاله 2012: تندش لکانیسلیوم فانجیکولا عامل بیماری حباب خشک قارچ دکمه ای در مایکوسفر آگاریکوس بایسپوروس

مقاله 2012: تنوع ژنتیکی قارچ خوراکی صدفی با استفاده از AFLP

Genetic Diversity of the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus sp. by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism

Abstract

Pleurotus strains are the most important fungi used in the agricultural industry. The exact characterization and identification of Pleurotus species is fundamental for correct identification of the individuals and exploiting their full potential in food industry. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method was applied for genomic fingerprinting of 21 Pleurotus isolates of Asian and European origin. Using one PstI restriction endonuclease and four selective primers in an AFLP assay, 371 DNA fragments were generated, including 308 polymorphic bands. The AFLP profiles were found to be highly specific for each strain and they unambiguously distinguished 21 Pleurotus sp. fungi. The coefficient of Jaccard’s genome profile similarity between the analyzed strains ranged from 0.0 (Pleurotus sp. I vs. P. sajor-caju 237 and P. eryngii 238) to 0.750 (P. ostreatus 246 vs. P. ostreatus 248), and the average was 0.378. The AFLP-based dendrogram generated by the UPGMA method grouped all the Pleurotus fungi studied into two major clusters and one independent lineage located on the outskirt of the tree occupied by naturally growing Pleurotus species strain I. The results of the present study suggest the possible applicability of the AFLP-PstI method in effective identification and molecular characterization of Pleurotus sp. strains.

مقاله 2012: بررسی اثر سموم مختلف روی مگس فوریده

Efficacy of different insecticides against mushroom  phorid Fly, Megaselia halterata (Wood) in Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

Phorid fly, Megaselia halterata is the most destructive insect pest of mushroom causing serious threat to mushroom production and cultivation in Pakistan. Chemical control is the most effective and quicker approach used by our farming community. So there was a dire need to evaluate some commercial insecticides against this pest. The present study was therefore, conducted to evaluate six commercial insecticides (deltamethrin, spinosad, spintoram, trichlorphon, malathion and permethrin) against phorid fly for three consecutive years (2008 to 2010). The insecticides evaluation was done on the bases of three parameters viz. percent reduction in adult emergence, mushroom damage rate by phorid fly larvae and mushroom yield per unit area. All insecticides caused significant reductions in adult emergence and mushroom damage rates as compared to control. On overall bases, the average of three years data revealed that maximum reduction of adult emergence and minimum damage rate by phorid flies as well as maximum yield per plot was observed in spinosad treated plots, followed by trichlorphon and deltamethrin which were statistically at par. The results of present study showed that deltamethrin, spinosad and trichlorphon may be employed in the field for controlling mushroom phorid fly in Pakistan.

Sharma Deepti Thakur M P

Antifungal activity of culture filtrate and fruit body extract of local strain of Ganoderma spp was studied against four common contaminants of oyster mushroom beds under in vitro conditions. It was observed that the culture filtrate of Ganoderma spp. inhibit 70 and 75% growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Trichoderma viride respectively over control flasks. There was no sclerotia formation in Rhizoctonia solani in culture filtrate of Ganoderma spp. amended flasks as against complete growth of R. solani with abundant sclerotia in control flasks. Similarly, no sporulation with thinner growth of Tricoderma viride was observed in culture filtrate of Ganoderma spp. amended flasks compared to complete growth and initiation of sporulation at the margin in control flasks. In case of Coprinus spp. and Sclerotium rolfsii, no growth was observed in culture filtrate of Ganoderma spp. but initiation of growth was observed in control flasks. In case of fruit body extract of Ganoderma spp., it was found that the growth of contaminants was suppressed by fruit body extract of 30 and 20 percent concentration whereas 10 percent concentration enhanced the growth and sclerotia formation of all contaminants.

 نقش سی ترمینال لاکیز اری فور قارچ شاه صدف پلوروتوس ارینجی در تعیین ساختار آنزیم، خصوصیات کاتالیتیک و پایداری آن

Role of the C-terminus of Pleurotus eryngii Ery4 laccase in determining enzyme structure, catalytic properties and stability

The ERY4 laccase gene of Pleurotus eryngii is not biologically active when expressed in yeast. To explain this finding, we analysed the role of the C-terminus of Ery4 protein by producing a number of its different mutant variants. Two different categories of ERY4 mutant genes were produced and expressed in yeast: (i) mutants carrying C-terminal deletions and (ii) mutants carrying different site-specific mutations at their C-terminus. Investigation of the catalytic properties of the recombinant enzymes indicated that each novel variant acquired different affinities and catalytic activity for various substrates. Our results highlight that C-terminal processing is fundamental for Ery4 laccase enzymatic activities allowing substrate accessibility to the enzyme catalytic core. Apparently, the last 18 amino acids in the C-terminal end of the Ery4 laccase play a critical role in enzyme activity, stability and kinetic and, in particular biochemical and structural data indicate that the K532 residue is fundamental for enzyme activation. These studies shed light on the structure/function relationships of fungal laccases and will enhance the development of biotechnological strategies for the industrial exploitation of these enzymes.

تولید تیروزیناز قارچ دکمه ای آگاریکوس بیسپوروس در سلول های ساکارومایسز سرویزیه

Production of recombinant Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells

Abstract

 بررسی تاثیر اضافه نمودن مکمل های مختلف غذایی به بستر کشت دو گونه قارچ صدفی

Effect of different Substrate supplements on the growth and yield of two species of Mushroom Pleurotus florida and P. sajor-caju.

متن کامل

جداسازی قارچ های Pleurotus Ostreatus و Gleophylum Sepiarium  تولید کننده آنزیم های پروتئاز خارچ سلولی

Screening of Pleurotus Ostreatus and Gleophylum Sepiarium Strains for Extracellular Protease Enzyme Production

Abstract

The fungal isolates identified as Pleurotus ostreatus and Gleophylum sepiarium isolated from sawdust dump-site were screened for protease enzyme production. High yields of protease enzyme were obtained by both fungi after 96h with concentrations of 1.6ug/ml/min for P ostreatus and 1.5ug/ml/min for G.sepiarium. Optimum temperature for the activity of protease produced by P.ostreatus and G.sepiarium was at 70^oC with activity of 060ug/ml/min and 0.55ug/ml/min respectively. Optimum pH for the activity of protease produced by P.ostreatus and G.sepiarium was pH 7 with activity of 0.55ug/ml/min and 0.60ug/ml/min. The result showed that both isolates were good producers of extracellular protease enzyme which may be useful in industries.

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یک پروتئین جدا شده از قارچ شاه صدف با خاصیت حذف هورمون استروئیدی طبیعی، استرول: جداسازی، خالص سازی، توصیف و شناسیایی تحت عنوان لاکیز

A protein from Pleurotus eryngii var. touliensis with strong removal activity against the natural steroid hormone, estriol: purification, characterization, and identification as a laccase

 A protein with strong removal activity against the natural estrogen estriol was purified from a culture supernatant of Pleurotus eryngii var. touliensis. The protein was characterized as a laccase and had a molecular mass of 60 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was most active at pH 7.0 and 50 °C. The partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme showed homology with laccases from mushrooms, such as Pleurotus ostreatus, Coriolus versicolor, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, and P. eryngii. A recombinant yeast assay confirmed that laccase treatment was very efficient for removing the estrogenic activity of steroid estrogens. Our results suggest that the enzyme may be applicable as a potential factor for removing natural steroid hormones.

 ویتامین D4  در قارچ ها

Vitamin D4 in Mushrooms

Katherine M. Phillips1*, Ronald L. Horst2, Nicholas J. Koszewski3, Ryan R. Simon4

بررسی وضعیت ژن MIP در قارچ کاه چینی Volvariella volvacea

Sequence and comparative analysis of the MIP gene in Chinese straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea

Abstract

The mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (MIP) gene is conserved in fungi. It is linked closely with the mating-type A (mtA) gene. In this study, a fragment of the MIP gene in Volvariella volvacea (Bull. ex Fr.) Singer was first cloned by homologue-based cloning technology. Subsequently, the entire MIP DNA sequence (PYd21-MIP) was obtained after the fragment was compared with the genomic data through BLAST analysis. The PYd21-MIP sequence appeared to be homologous with the MIP gene in other fungi. Phylogenetic analysis of PYd21-MIP and other MIP sequences from diverse fungi agreed with the current organism phylogeny. Analysis of protein domains by InterProScan software and motif searching demonstrated that PYd21-MIP encodes a homologous MIP protein. These data support the hypothesis that the PYd21-MIP protein is a Hog-MIP protein homologue from V. volvacea.

Keywords: Volvariella volvacea, mitochondrial intermediate peptidase, mating-type A gene (mtA), genomic analysis

Intersterility groups of Pleurotus ostreatus complex in Iran

Mohammad Reza Asef

Mating compatibility studies using Iranian collections of Pleurotus ostreatus complex revealed three intersterility species in Iran. Haploid and dikaryon isolates of Iranian intersterility groups were paired with tester strains and the results showed that intersterility groups of Iranian P. ostreatus complex are compatible with P. cornucopiae, P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius. Morphological characteristics were not useful to distinguish Iranian collections of P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius. The compatibility of different strains, produced as “P. sajor-caju” in mushroom farms, with P. ostreatus and P. pulmonarius showed confusion in the identity of “P. sajor-caju” commercial strains in Iran. Results also showed compatibility between commercial strains of the ambiguous species, P. florida, collected from mushroom farms with P. ostreatus testers.

متن کامل

مقاله 2012: فاکتور های فیزیکو شیمیایی کمپوست موثر بر روی عملکرد قارچ دکمه ای

Compost Physico-chemical Factors that Impact on Yield in Button Mushrooms,  garicus bisporus (Lge) and Agaricus bitorquis (Quel) Saccardo

مقاله 2012: تولید، خالص سازی و توصیف پلی ساکارید هایی با خاصیت ضد توموری از قارچ صدفی

Production, purification and characterisation of polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus with antitumour activity

لینک مقاله

BACKGROUND: Mushroom polysaccharides play an important role in functional foods because they exhibit biological modulator properties such as antitumour, antiviral and antibacterial activities. The present study involved the production, purification and characterisation of intracellular and extracellular free and protein-bound polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus and the investigation of their growth-inhibitory effect on human carcinoma cell lines.

RESULTS: Several fermentation parameters were obtained: batch polysaccharide productivities of 0.013 ± 8.12 × 10−5 and 0.037 ± 0.0005 g L−1 day−1 for intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides respectively, a maximum biomass concentration of 9.35 ± 0.18 g L−1, Pmax = 0.935 ± 0.018 g L−1 day−1, µmax = 0.218 ± 0.02 day−1, YEP/X = 0.040 ± 0.0015 g g−1 and YIP/X = 0.014 ± 0.0003 g g−1. Some polysaccharides exhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity of 50-200 units. Fourier transform infrared analysis of the polysaccharides revealed absorption bands characteristic of such biological macromolecules. Cytotoxicity assays showed that both intracellular and extracellular polysaccharides exhibited antitumour activity towards several tested human carcinoma cell lines in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSION: The polysaccharides of P. ostreatus exhibited high SOD-like activity, which strongly supports their biological effect on tumour cell lines. The extracellular polysaccharides presented the highest antitumour activity towards the RL95 carcinoma cell line and should be further investigated as an antitumour agent. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

استفاده از ضایعات سیب رشد میسلیومی قارچ صدفی را افزایش می دهد

Apple pomace increases mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus

نتیجه جالبیه اما رفرنس مقاله زیاد معتبر نیست

1. Ketil Stoknes^1,*,
2. David M Beyer²,
3. Erik Norgaard³