Mineral composition of oyster mushroom

Abstract

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) belongs to the best known wood-destroying fungi. In the nature it grows on trunks and stumps of deciduous trees but nowadays it is also cultivated on modified lignocellulose substrates in oyster mushroom farms. It possesses a very pleasant flavour and piquant taste.

As most fungi it contains up to 90% water, but owing to its protein and amino acids content, low fat content, content of B-group vitamins and a wide spectrum of mineral substances it represents a good source of biologically valuable substances for human nutrition. The saccharidic complex of oyster mushroom is characterized by low content of digestible carbohydrates and by a relatively high content of polysaccharides which take part in formation of edible fibre. In the past mushrooms were generally regarded as less valuable foodstuffs especially for their low energetic value and high fibre content. With respect to the present knowledge their importance is coming to the foreground [1].

Although some authors report that the mineral composition of oyster mushroom is biologically highly valuable — because of its content of macroelements, but especially because of numerous microelements that began to be appreciated only recently — relatively few data are available [2–10]. This paper will contribute to enhancing information in this field.

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/food.19920360218/abstract

فیلم/کلیپ/ویدئو یکی از بزرگترین کارخانجات پیشرفته تولید قارچ دکمه ای

کمپانی Monaghan

آفات و بیماری های قارچ صدفی

مهمترین بیماری قارچی قارچ صدفی، کپک سبز تریکودرمایی با عامل Trichoderma harzianumاست که در مرحله سفید شدن کمپوست ظاهر می شود.  این گونه دارای زیرگونه های مختلفی بوده که خطرناکترین آن هارزیانوم است.

مهمترین بیماری باکتریایی قارچ صدفی، نیز در مرحله اولیه کمپوست زنی ظاهر می شود. در صورتی که میزان رطوبت کلش در زمان تلقیح بالا باشد، در اثر فعالیت این باکتری ها اسپان دچار مرگ می شوند، در صورت شدید بودن تمام اسپان از بین رفته  و بوی شدید تخمیر به مشام می رسد. در صورتی که میزان آلودگی کم باشد مشکل خاصی ایجاد نخواهد شد و فثط دوره سفید کردن طولانی خواهد شد، چرا که قارچ صدفی بسیار قوی بوده و توانایی رقابت با آنها را دارد. گاهی بوی ناشی از تخمیر از ناحیه ته کیسه ها به مشام می رسد، که علت در بالا ذکر شد.

مهمترین آفت قارچ صدفی، مگس سرکه می باشد که راه های مقابله با آن شرح داده شد.

لیست کامل آفات و بیماری های قارچ صدفی و راه های کنترل انها

چرا قارچ صدفی برای توالی یابی انتخاب شد؟

 

Pleurotus ostreatus, the oyster mushroom, is an active lignin degrader in the forests. Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth and its breakdown is a necessary step for making cellulose (the most abundant carbon biopolymer) accessible to further enzymatic processes. The understanding of the whole-genome regulation of P. ostreatus lignocellulolytic enzymes would facilitate its use in in-situ bioremediation processes and other biotechnological processes.

P. ostreatus is a saprophyte in the wild (i.e., it lives on dead or decaying matter). The comparison of its genome with that of other saprophytic, ectomycorrhizal (having filaments that grow between root cells), and pathogenic basidiomycetes would help in identifying specific gene sets for these different lifestyles. P. ostreatus occupies the third position in the worldwide market of industrially produced mushrooms. This fungus can grow easily on a variety of organic substrates, including agricultural wastes that P. ostreatus is able to recycle for animal foodstuff. The identification of the genetic basis of substrate colonization by P. ostreatus and of the induction of fruiting will facilitate the expansion of the range of agricultural wastes amenable to conversion using this fungus.

P. ostreatus also produces various secondary metabolites of medical interest. Knowledge of the genomics of P. ostreatus secondary metabolism will help to improve the production of these compounds. A number of quantitative trait loci controlling growth rate and industrial quality and productivity have been identified in P. ostreatus. The complete genome sequence will allow the analysis of the structure and mechanism of function of these quantitative genes.

Principal Investigators: Antonio Pisabarro, Lucia Ramirez (Public Univ. of Navarre), Allan C. Gathman (Southeast Missouri State Univ.), Francis Martin (INRA, France), Ursel Kues (Univ. of Göttingen), Yitzhak Hadar (Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem), Christian Kubicek (Tech. Univ. of Vienna), Dan Cullen (Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison), Bernard Henrissat (Univ. Aix-Marseille I & II), Rytas Vlgalys (Duke Univ.), Juan Francisco Martin (Instituto de Biotecnologia de Leon).

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