Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection

Available online: 30 Jan 2012

Intraspecies Diversity of Macrophomina phaseolina in Iran

V. Mahdizadeh¹, N. Safaie¹, E. Mohammadi Goltapeh¹ and N. Mayek-Perez ²

¹Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

²Centro de Biotecnología Genómica-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México.

Abstract

            To study the pathogenic and genetic diversity of the Macrophomina phaseolina in Iran, 52 isolates of the fungus was isolated from 24 host plants across the 14 Iranian provinces. All isolates were confirmed to the species based on the species-specific primers. The aggressiveness of M. phaseolina isolates was evaluated on the common bean. Based on the pathogenicity tests, M. phaseolina isolates from  the different hosts displayed different levels of aggressiveness on the common beans. The results showed that there was significant variation in the aggressiveness of the pathogen, however there was no distinct pattern of differentiation based on the host or geographic origin linked to the virulence of the isolates, as frequently, isolates from the same host or geographic origin had different levels of aggressiveness. Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) Markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of the fungus. Unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering of data showed that isolates did not clearly differentiate to the specific group according to the host or geographical origins, however, usually the isolates from the same host or the same geographic origin tend to group nearly. Our results did not show a correlation between the genetic diversity based on the ISSR and pathogenic patterns on common bean in the greenhouse. Similar to the M. phaseolina populations in the other countries, the Iranian isolates were highly diverse based on the pathogenic and genotypic characteristics.

Keywords: Aggressiveness, Charcoal Rot, ISSR

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http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03235408.2012.655146#preview

Journal of Plant Pathology (2011), 93 (4, Supplement), S4.63-S4.89

NEW HOSTS OF  MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA IN IRAN

V. Mahdizadeh¹, N. Safaie¹ and M. A. Aghajani²

¹Departement of Plant Pathology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;

²Agricultual and Natural Resources Research Centre, Golestan, Iran;

 The host range and geographical distribution of Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot or ashy stem blight, was studied in different provinces of Iran during 2006-2008. Plants with signs and symptoms of charcoal rot showed leaf yellowing, blackening of the stem and root rot. Numerous black microsclerotia were observed on the rotted tissue. To isolate the pathogen, infected tissues were surface-disinfested and placed on potato dextrose agar plates Pure cultures were obtained from hyphal tips and maintained on sterile toothpicks at room temperature (Edmunds, 1964). The mycelium that was initially hyaline, turned grey with time and after 4 to 5 days incubation, produced minute, black, round to oblong or irregularly shaped microsclerotia with mycelial attachment. In 10-day-old cultures, microsclerotia ranged in size from 62 to 189 × 52 to 149 (116 × 93) µm. All the isolates were identified  at the  species level based on the amplification of the ITS region with species-specific primers (Babu et al., 2007). Fungal attacks were observed on marigold (Tagetes erecta), cantaloupe (Cucumis melo var. cantaloupensis), cumin (Cuminum cyminum), hemp (Cannabis sativa), mung bean (Vigna radiata), okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), turnip (Brassica rapa), and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), which are reported as new hosts for M. phaseolina in Iran. Pathogenicity tests, repeated twice,  were conducted in a greenhouse on each of the above host  as described by Abawi and Pastor-Corales (1990). The outcome of inoculation assays was assessed after 2-6 months according to the host. Inoculated plants produced typical symptoms on the leaves, stem and roots, and the fungus was consistently re-isolated from them.

 Abawi G.S., Pastor-Corrales M.A., 1990. Root rots of Beans in Latin America and Africa: Diagnosis, Research Methodologies and Management Strategies. CIAT, Cali, Colombia.

Babu B.K., Saxena A.K., Srivastava A.K., Arora D.K., 2007. Identification and detection of Macrophomina phaseolina by using species-specific oligonucleotide primers and probe. Mycologia 99: 797-803.

Edmunds L.K., 1964. Combined relation of plant maturity, temperature, and soil moisture to charcoal stalk rot development in grain sorghum. Phytopathology 54: 514-517.

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